Irstea Motive - people:claire.bernard

C. Bernard, S. Martin
Comparing the sustainability of different action policy possibilities: Application to the issue of both household survival and forest preservation in the corridor of Fianarantsoa
Mathematical Biosciences 245 (2), 2013
abs doi web bib

A sustainability issue for the rain forest in the corridor of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) is to preserve the forest while ensuring the development of the local population. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the current situation is sustainable or not according to different action policy possibilities. We propose a general procedure based on viability analysis: Translation of sustainability issues into constraints on the system state; elaboration of a mathematical model of system evolution rules in the form of controlled dynamical system; computations of the viability kernels according to different action policy possibilities. Among control variables, we focus on monetary transfer. Without monetary transfer, we show that the current situation of the rain forest corridor is not sustainable in our mathematical modeling framework. We then estimate the minimal maximal amount per year necessary to make the current situation sustainable.
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@article{PUB00039047, author = {Bernard, C. and Martin, S.}, title = {Comparing the sustainability of different action policy possibilities: Application to the issue of both household survival and forest preservation in the corridor of Fianarantsoa}, title = {Comparer la durabilité de différentes possibilités de politiques d'actions : application aux enjeux de survie des foyers et de préservation de la forêt dans le corridor forestier de Fianarantsoa}, journal = {Mathematical Biosciences}, volume = {245}, number = {2}, pages = {322-330}, url = {http://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00039047}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2013.08.002}, year = {2013}, affiliation = {IRSTEA CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; IRSTEA CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA}, abstract = {A sustainability issue for the rain forest in the corridor of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) is to preserve the forest while ensuring the development of the local population. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the current situation is sustainable or not according to different action policy possibilities. We propose a general procedure based on viability analysis: Translation of sustainability issues into constraints on the system state; elaboration of a mathematical model of system evolution rules in the form of controlled dynamical system; computations of the viability kernels according to different action policy possibilities. Among control variables, we focus on monetary transfer. Without monetary transfer, we show that the current situation of the rain forest corridor is not sustainable in our mathematical modeling framework. We then estimate the minimal maximal amount per year necessary to make the current situation sustainable.}, }
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C. Bernard, S. Martin
Building strategies to ensure langage coexistence in presence of bilingualism
Applied Mathematics and Computation 218 (17), 2012
abs doi web bib

For 20 years many authors have attempted to model language competition. Some models involve two different languages, others include also a bilingual population. The issues are to understand one language extinction or to determine in which parameter range coexistence is possible. A key parameter is the prestige of one language compare to the other. If this parameter remains constant, coexistence is not sustainable. However, prestige may vary with time. In this article, thanks to the viability theory concepts and tools, we study a set of prestige variations which would allow language coexistence in presence of a bilingual population. Among this set, we emphasise slow viable evolutions with the lowest prestige variations that guarantee coexistence.
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@article{PUB00035369, author = {Bernard, C. and Martin, S.}, title = {Building strategies to ensure langage coexistence in presence of bilingualism}, title = {Déterminer des stratégies pour assurer la coexistence de deux langues en présence de bilinguisme}, journal = {Applied Mathematics and Computation}, volume = {218}, number = {17}, pages = {8825-8841}, url = {http://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00035369 / http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0096300312001683}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2012.02.041}, year = {2012}, affiliation = {IRSTEA CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; IRSTEA CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA}, abstract = {For 20 years many authors have attempted to model language competition. Some models involve two different languages, others include also a bilingual population. The issues are to understand one language extinction or to determine in which parameter range coexistence is possible. A key parameter is the prestige of one language compare to the other. If this parameter remains constant, coexistence is not sustainable. However, prestige may vary with time. In this article, thanks to the viability theory concepts and tools, we study a set of prestige variations which would allow language coexistence in presence of a bilingual population. Among this set, we emphasise slow viable evolutions with the lowest prestige variations that guarantee coexistence.}, }
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L. Chapel, X. Castello, C. Bernard, G. Deffuant, V. Eguiluz, S. Martin, M. San Miguel
Viability and resilience of languages in competition
PLoS One 5 (1 (e8681)), 2010
abs doi web bib

We study the viability and resilience of languages, using a simple dynamical model of two languages in competition. Assuming that public action can modify the prestige of a language in order to avoid language extinction, we analyze two cases: (i) the prestige can only take two values, (ii) it can take any value but its change at each time step is bounded. In both cases, we determine the viability kernel, that is, the set of states for which there exists an action policy maintaining the coexistence of the two languages, and we define such policies. We also study the resilience of the languages and identify configurations from where the system can return to the viability kernel (definite resilience), or where one of the languages is lead to disappear (zero resilience). Within our current framework, the maintenance of a bilingual society is shown to be possible by introducing the prestige of a language as a control variable.
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@article{PUB00027990, author = {Chapel, L. and Castello, X. and Bernard, C. and Deffuant, G. and Eguiluz, V. and Martin, S. and San Miguel, M.}, title = {Viability and resilience of languages in competition}, title = {Viabilité et résilience de langues en compétitions}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {5}, number = {1 (e8681)}, pages = {11}, url = {http://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00027990 / http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0008681}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008681}, year = {2010}, affiliation = {CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; IFISC ESP ; CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; IFISC ESP ; CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; IFISC ESP}, abstract = {We study the viability and resilience of languages, using a simple dynamical model of two languages in competition. Assuming that public action can modify the prestige of a language in order to avoid language extinction, we analyze two cases: (i) the prestige can only take two values, (ii) it can take any value but its change at each time step is bounded. In both cases, we determine the viability kernel, that is, the set of states for which there exists an action policy maintaining the coexistence of the two languages, and we define such policies. We also study the resilience of the languages and identify configurations from where the system can return to the viability kernel (definite resilience), or where one of the languages is lead to disappear (zero resilience). Within our current framework, the maintenance of a bilingual society is shown to be possible by introducing the prestige of a language as a control variable.}, }
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I. Alvarez, C. Bernard, S. Martin, P. Saint-Pierre
Compétition linguistique : stratégies pour favoriser la coexistence durable en présence de bilinguisme
48ème colloque de l'Association de Science Régionale de Langue Française, ASRDLF 2011, 06/07/2011-08/07/2011, Schoelcher, MTQ / CD Rom, Session spéciale Vulnérabilité-Résilience-Viabilité, Actes du 48ème colloque ASRDLF 2011 (p. 11), 2011
abs web bib

Comment assurer durablement la coexistence de plusieurs langues au sein d'une même population? Cette question est au centre des préoccupations des régions ou pays qui cherchent à préserver une culture multilingue considérée comme un patrimoine historique à préserver ou à développer. Malheureusement, même si on constate effectivement l'existence de sociétés dans lesquelles coexistent plusieurs langues, la plupart des modèles montrent que la cohabitation est un état instable. La cohabitation initiale évolue inéluctablement vers l'extinction d'une des langues, en fonction du nombre de locuteurs et du prestige relatif des deux langues en compétition. En revanche, si par des actions politiques, sociales ou d'autre nature il est possible d'influer sur le prestige relatif des langues, une cohabitation prolongée devient théoriquement possible en fonction des scénarios retenus. L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la théorie mathématique de la viabilité, et l'analyse géométrique des résultats produits, peut permettre de trouver les stratégies permettant d'assurer la coexistence de groupes monolingues au sein de la population.
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@inproceedings{PUB00033744, author = {Alvarez, I. and Bernard, C. and Martin, S. and Saint-Pierre, P.}, title = {Compétition linguistique : stratégies pour favoriser la coexistence durable en présence de bilinguisme }, title = {Language competition : strategies to ensure sustainable coexistence in presence of bilingualism}, bookTitle = {48ème colloque de l'Association de Science Régionale de Langue Française, ASRDLF 2011, 06/07/2011-08/07/2011, Schoelcher, MTQ / CD Rom, Session spéciale Vulnérabilité-Résilience-Viabilité, Actes du 48ème colloque ASRDLF 2011}, pages = {11}, url = {http://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00033744}, year = {2011}, affiliation = {CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA ; LABORATOIRE D'APPLICATIONS DES SYSTEMES TYCHASTIQUES REGULES FRA}, abstract = {Comment assurer durablement la coexistence de plusieurs langues au sein d'une même population? Cette question est au centre des préoccupations des régions ou pays qui cherchent à préserver une culture multilingue considérée comme un patrimoine historique à préserver ou à développer. Malheureusement, même si on constate effectivement l'existence de sociétés dans lesquelles coexistent plusieurs langues, la plupart des modèles montrent que la cohabitation est un état instable. La cohabitation initiale évolue inéluctablement vers l'extinction d'une des langues, en fonction du nombre de locuteurs et du prestige relatif des deux langues en compétition. En revanche, si par des actions politiques, sociales ou d'autre nature il est possible d'influer sur le prestige relatif des langues, une cohabitation prolongée devient théoriquement possible en fonction des scénarios retenus. L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la théorie mathématique de la viabilité, et l'analyse géométrique des résultats produits, peut permettre de trouver les stratégies permettant d'assurer la coexistence de groupes monolingues au sein de la population.}, }
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C. Bernard
Mathematical modelling of sustainable development: an application to the case of the rain-forest of Madagascar
9th International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology - BIOMAT 2009 , 01/08/2009-06/10/2009, Brasilia, BRA / Biomat 2009. Mondaini, RP. (p. 152-166), Mondaini RP, Brésil, 2009
abs doi web bib

Protecting the rain forest in Madagascar is essential to conserve biodiversity on the island. However, regulations must take into account the development of the local population. The aim of this paper is to determine if there are viable solutions which lead to the conservation of the forest and the development of the inhabitants of the forest corridor of Fianarantsoa. We will also determine what decisions must be taken in accordance with the two aspects of the problem; by elaborating a model and studying it with the mathematical tools of the viability theory. This theory deals with controlled dynamical systems and consists in finding controls which keep the evolutions governed by these systems in a defined constraint set. The set which gathers all the situations for which such controls exist is called the viability kernel. The computation of the viability kernel with a condition on equity between the different generations excludes a large part of situations. However adding monetary transfers enables to increase the size of the viability kernel.
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@inproceedings{PUB00032027, author = {Bernard, C.}, title = {Mathematical modelling of sustainable development: an application to the case of the rain-forest of Madagascar}, title = {Modélisation mathématique du développement durable: une application au cas de la forêt de Madagascar}, bookTitle = {9th International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology - BIOMAT 2009 , 01/08/2009-06/10/2009, Brasilia, BRA / Biomat 2009. Mondaini, RP.}, address = {Brésil}, publisher = {Mondaini RP}, pages = {152-166}, url = {http://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00032027}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814304900_0011}, year = {2009}, affiliation = {CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND UR LISC FRA}, abstract = {Protecting the rain forest in Madagascar is essential to conserve biodiversity on the island. However, regulations must take into account the development of the local population. The aim of this paper is to determine if there are viable solutions which lead to the conservation of the forest and the development of the inhabitants of the forest corridor of Fianarantsoa. We will also determine what decisions must be taken in accordance with the two aspects of the problem; by elaborating a model and studying it with the mathematical tools of the viability theory. This theory deals with controlled dynamical systems and consists in finding controls which keep the evolutions governed by these systems in a defined constraint set. The set which gathers all the situations for which such controls exist is called the viability kernel. The computation of the viability kernel with a condition on equity between the different generations excludes a large part of situations. However adding monetary transfers enables to increase the size of the viability kernel.}, }
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M.H. Durand, D. Hervé, C. Bernard
Rapport sur la réunion de travail mi-parcours du projet ANR Deduction (19 au 24 juin 2008 à Fianarantsoa, Madagascar)
2008
abs web bib

During this workshop, Deduction project members presented the work they have done since the beginning of the project. In both case studies, they compared their progress and their approaches to build their simplified models. Disparities and common points were highlighted: disparities concerning the issues but common points concerning modelling. An aim of this workshop was also to provide the Madagascan team with viability theory training course. Guidelines for the project continuation were also put forward. / Au cours de ces journées, les membres du projet Deduction ont exposé les travaux réalisés à mi-parcours. Cela a permis de confronter les avancées des recherches dans les deux études de cas et d'aboutir à des conclusions sur le modèle simple. Des divergences et des points communs sont ressortis : divergences dans les problématiques mais points communs dans la modélisation. Un des buts de cette réunion était également d'effectuer une formation aux concepts et possibilités d'application de la théorie de la viabilité en direction de l'équipe malgache. Des recommandations pour la suite du projet ont également été émises.
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@techreport{PUB00025321, author = {Durand, M.H. and Hervé, D. and Bernard, C.}, title = {Rapport sur la réunion de travail mi-parcours du projet ANR Deduction (19 au 24 juin 2008 à Fianarantsoa, Madagascar)}, title = {Report on ANR project Deduction Workshop June 2008 in Fianarantsoa, Madagascar}, url = {http://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00025321}, year = {2008}, affiliation = {IRD BONDY ; IRD MONTPELLIER ; CEMAGREF CLERMONT FERRAND LISC}, abstract = {During this workshop, Deduction project members presented the work they have done since the beginning of the project. In both case studies, they compared their progress and their approaches to build their simplified models. Disparities and common points were highlighted: disparities concerning the issues but common points concerning modelling. An aim of this workshop was also to provide the Madagascan team with viability theory training course. Guidelines for the project continuation were also put forward. / Au cours de ces journées, les membres du projet Deduction ont exposé les travaux réalisés à mi-parcours. Cela a permis de confronter les avancées des recherches dans les deux études de cas et d'aboutir à des conclusions sur le modèle simple. Des divergences et des points communs sont ressortis : divergences dans les problématiques mais points communs dans la modélisation. Un des buts de cette réunion était également d'effectuer une formation aux concepts et possibilités d'application de la théorie de la viabilité en direction de l'équipe malgache. Des recommandations pour la suite du projet ont également été émises.}, }
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LISC

Bernard Claire

Publications

Journal Articles (3)

In Proceedings (2)

Technical Reports (1)